Mongolia 1992
The Mongolian constitution was drafted in response to pro-democracy protests, as well as an interest in creating a favorable investment climate. The one-party legislature, elected in 1990, followed procedures set out in the previous constitution for the new process. The legislature appointed a 20-member constitution drafting commission from its members. The commission, with lawyers and a judge, was responsible for the initial language of the constitution. In October 1990, meeting during regular legislative session in the capital, the commission examined over one hundred constitutions from other countries. It consulted about the text with international agencies such as the International Commission of Jurists, the UN Human Rights Center in Geneva, Amnesty International, the International Human Rights Law Group and The Asia Foundation. In secret sessions with no outside consultants, members worked out compromises and provisions for land sales, language for minority groups, amendments to legalize opposition parties, and procedures for creating new institutions. Former communists on the committee had a dominant role in the deliberations. A draft of the constitution was printed in newspaper. For three months, from June to September 1, 1991, the public had the opportunity to comment and submit written petitions to the drafting body. According to the draftees, the public petitions influenced the final draft. An international symposium on the draft was held in the capital.
On November 11, 1991, thirteen months after the commission began its work, the final draft was sent to the legislature, The Great Hural. The 430 members had three weeks to deliberate before a vote on each provision. The constitution was ratified on January 13, 1992 by 370 legislators. It took effect on February 12, 1992.